Department of Criminal Justice

 

Northern Arizona University (Tucson)

 

Criminal Justice 450C

Spring 2004

Values and Ethics in Criminal Justice

(3 Credit Hours)

IITV-Web Enhanced

 

Class Time:                4:30 PM – 10:00 PM

 

Meeting Dates:          March 11 – May 6, 2004

 

Instructor:                  Dennis W. Catlin, Ph.D.

 

Office Location:         NAU-Southern Arizona Regional Office

                                    401 N. Bonita Ave.

                                    Tucson, AZ 85709

 

Office Phone:             (520) 879-7915 – Tucson

                                    (520) 523-0384 – Flagstaff Campus Number

                       

Pager:                         (520) 410-1701 – Tucson

                                    (928) 556-7827 – Flagstaff     

           

Home Phone: (520) 296-9849

             

E-mail:  dennis.catlin@nau.edu (FOR NON CLASS COMMUNICATION) All communications related to this call must come through WebCT. I will not answer class related E-mail that comes to my NAU address.

 

Website: http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~dwc5/

 

Office Hours: Before and after class and by appointment

 

COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES

 

Everyday we are faced with moral and ethical dilemmas in our personal and professional lives.  Those who serve in the criminal justice system have a duty to act responsibly and ethically as they exercise the power entrusted to them by our form of government.  During this course we will:

 

Review some of the basic ethical value systems that form the basis of western thought

Struggle with personal and professional ethical dilemmas

Review and analyze various professional codes of conduct

Develop a framework for analyzing personal and professional moral and ethical dilemmas

 

It is my hope that this course will:

 

Improve your recognition of moral issues

Further develop your moral imagination

Sharpen your analytical/critical skills relating to moral and ethical issues

Increase your ethical sensitivity

Increased your knowledge of relevant standards of conduct

Improve your ethical will power

Make ethical reflection a natural part of your own practical decision-making

 

There is no ethical position I expect to take, but I do expect that you thoroughly develop, analyze, and express the nature and application of your own system.  We often try to avoid ethical problems because they are very difficult.  However, with the proper tools, they can be understood and they can be enlightening and fun.

 

 

ATTENDANCE

 

Due to the compressed nature of this course, attendance is mandatory.  Any student who misses the first class will be administratively withdrawn by me on March 12.  Anyone missing more than the one class (or the equivalent of one class) will have their final grade reduced by one grade for each class, or portion of a class, missed beyond one.   Should there be changes in the schedule of assignments or curriculum, it is your responsibility to stay informed of the changes.

 

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

 

Students with disabilities documented by Northern Arizona University’s Disability Support Services are encouraged to self-identify on a confidential basis to the instructor and provide a statement of accommodations.  If you have any questions regarding accommodations they should be directed to the Disability Support Services Office at (520) 523-8773, TTY (520) 523-6906.

 

COURSE STRUCTURE AND APPROACH

 

This course will be conducted using a variety of educational methods.  This includes lecture, discussion, on-line discussion, small group work, videotapes, guest speakers, role-playing, and simulation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TESTS, WRITING ASSIGNMENTS, AND GRADING SYSTEM:

 

Grades will be based on your performance on examinations and writing assignments, class attendance, and participation in class discussions.

 

§         Test 1 ( 50 points)

§         Test 2 (50 points)

§         Article Review (25 points )

§         Journal (25 points)

§         Class Participation (25 points)

§         Ethics Policy Paper (100 points)

§         Quizzes

 

To receive a grade in this course, all tests must be taken and all writing assignments handed in.  In other words, if all tests are not taken and all assignments are not handed in, an “F” will be given.

 

An Incomplete grade will only be given in cases of documented medical emergencies and only if you are receiving a passing grade at the time the incomplete grade is requested.

 

Tests

 

There will be a mid-session test worth 50 points and a final test worth 50 points.  These tests may consist of multiple choice, true false, short answer, and essay questions.  The tests will cover lecture and discussion, guest expert presentations, text, and reading material. The preliminary dates of the tests are reflected in the attached course schedule.  The date of the first test is subject to change depending on the progression of the course.  It is your responsibility to remain informed about test dates.

 

Mid-session test: 50 points

Final test: 50 points

 

A missed test can only be made up in cases of medically documented illness.  The content and form of make-up examinations will differ from the original examination and can only be made up within 5 days of the original test.  It is the student’s responsibility to immediately notify me of the reason for missing the test and arrange for a make-up time. 

 

Article Review

 

One article review from a scholarly academic journal will be required.  This review can come from any area of ethical concern but must directly address ethics.  I would suggest that any article you select have the word ethics or morality in the title or abstract.

 

The article review must be based on articles appearing in scholarly peer reviewed academic journals.  Publications such as Time, Newsweek, People Magazine, etc. do not qualify. 

In order to assure that the article is appropriate, you must submit the full citation of the article to me for my review and approval by 12:00 Noon on April 1. Not doing so will endanger your score should you select and inappropriate article. I have attached a list of possible scholarly peer review journals that qualify.

 

§         These must be reviews of articles appearing in a scholarly academic journal. 

§         They must be current articles.  Articles older than 1999 are not acceptable. 

§         The articles must be based on empirical research conducted by the authors.

 

The article is due at 12:00 Noon on April 22.  Your score will be reduced by 5 points for every day or portion of a day that the review is late.

 

They must be typed and double-spaced with 1 inch margins and in 12 point type.  The length will depend on the article you choose.  The review must contain the following elements. 

 

You must use these heading for each sections of your article review.  Not doing so will significantly reduce your score.

 

            1. The accurate bibliographic reference to the article.

2. The main ethical issue, idea, thesis, research hypothesis, or research question stated by the author(s).

3. The definition of any terms the author uses.

4. The research method used or the important facts the author(s) uses to support the idea, thesis, hypothesis, or research question.

5. Conclusion(s) the author(s) reach.

6. Your analysis of the article, including any examples of bias or faulty reasoning on the part of the author(s).  In this section you should concentrate on applying the ideas and concepts we have discussed in class or from the reading which provide a framework for analyzing ethical issues. 

 

The following general criteria will be used in grading the article reviews:

 

0                      Missing, turned in late and score reduced or article from unacceptable journal

5                      Turned in but unintelligible or erroneous.

10                    Covered some of required elements, but serious omissions

15                    Covered all of the elements in a minimal fashion

20                    Covered all of the elements in depth but provided little or no independent analysis

25                    Covered all of the elements and showed ability to provide an independent analysis

I have posted an example of a review on the WebCT Course Content page.  Of course you cannot use this article for your review.

 

 

Journal of Essays Reflecting Your Thoughts on Values and Ethics

 

During the course, you will submit 5 journal essays. You are to write a two page, typed, double-spaced essay reflecting on the subject of that week’s class discussion (1 inch margins in 12 point standard type). 

 

§         The essays can contain your personal ethical experiences.

§         They can contain references to current events that you have read about or heard about as they relate to criminal justice ethics and how the subjects we discussed are reflected in the current events.

§         They can be based on interviews you conduct with those who work in the justice system.

 

You will submit these weekly and I will grade them at the end of the course as an entire group.  These will also be the basis for class discussion.  I will give you feedback on your first journal submission.

 

The top of each submission should contain the submission number (ie. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

 

The journal will be worth 25 points.

 

The submissions are due prior on the date and at the time indicated in the course curriculum schedule.

 

Five (5) points will be deducted for each day or portion of a day a journal submission is late.  This means that you could lose all the points for your journal (25 points) if one essay submission was 5 days late.

 

Ethics Policy Paper

 

The ethics policy paper will require you to select a criminal justice policy and examine it in light of the values and ethics theories we have been studying.  There is a wide range of possible policy issues you might select.  Some examples are:

 

Sentencing Policy

The Death Penalty

Use of Force including Deadly Force

Lying and Deception as Investigative Techniques

Defending the Guilty

 

In order to make sure this paper is progressing, there are several preliminary materials you must submit.  The dates for the submissions are in the timetable.  These preliminary materials are:

 

1.      Policy statement you intend to write about.

2.      General outline of the paper

3.      References you intend to use

 

The paper should be 12 – 15 pages in length.  It should be double spaced, 12 point type with 1 inch margins. The references and citations must be in the APA (American Psychological Association) style. You must have at least 6 references from scholarly sources (books and journals).  You cannot use any of the readings we are using in class for these 6 references; however, you may use them as supplemental material.

 

You will receive a “0” if the paper is turned in late.

 

General Instructions for Writing Assignments

 

The general rule for all writing assignments is that they are grammatically correct and checked thoroughly for spelling.  Further, the organization of writing assignments must follow a logical and coherent pattern.  Points will be deducted for misspelling as well as poor grammar, sentence structure, and organization.

 

Submitting Writing Assignments

 

All writing assignments must be done in either Microsoft Word or Corel Word Perfect.  They MUST BE submitted on the date and at the time indicated in the Course Curriculum and Schedule. They will be submitted as an attachment to a WebCT E-mail.  This will be explained in detail.  No other means of submitting them will be acceptable.

 

You are responsible for the timely and accurate submission of these papers.  You are responsible for insuring that the papers are attached to your e-mails. E-mails without attachments will not suffice for meeting deadlines. 

 

The assignments will be graded and returned to you in the same way.

 

You must also bring a copy of your work to class.

 

Class Discussion, On-Line Discussion and Participation

 

I reserve 25 points of the total grade points and will assign those points based on my sole judgment of the quality and frequency of your participation.  You will be graded not only on your in-class participation but also your on-line participation.

 

There will be on-line discussions. You are required at a minimum to respond to every question I pose to you during on-line discussions.

 

Quizzes

 

If it appears that students are not preparing for class, or there are excessive absences, I will exercise the option of conducting quizzes at the beginning or end of class.  Each quiz will be worth 5 points.

 

Grading

 

90-100% = A

80-89% = B

70-79%  = C

60-69% = D

Less than 60%=F

 


COURSE CURRICULUM AND SCHEDULE

 

Attached is a Preliminary Schedule of Topics, Readings, and Assignment Deadlines.  From time to time this schedule may change and I reserve the right to change the schedule and curriculum depending on the course progression.  I also will hand out additional readings, as they may be required.  It is your responsibility to remain current on the course schedule, reading assignments, test dates, and deadline dates for assignments.

 

Preliminary Schedule of Topics, Readings, and Assignment Deadlines

 

Class

Topic

Readings

Exams/

Assignments

March 11

Course Introduction

 

What is Ethics Defining Ethics

Ethical Systems

 

 

 

March 25

 

Ethical Systems

Discussion Readings

 

Chapter 1 “Doing Ethics and The Basic Language of Ethics”

 

Chapter 2 “Ethical Theories and Systems”

 

Readings on the Ethics of  Virtue

 

Journal Submission 1 Due at 12:00 Noon

 

April 1

 

 

Ethical Systems

Defining Moral and Ethical Behavior

Moral Development

Discussion Reading Chapter 3 “Moral Relativism and Absolutism”

 

Discussion Reading Chapter 4 “Developing Moral Judgment”

 

Additional On-line Readings to be Assigned

 

Journal Submission 2

 

Policy Paper Topic Due

 

Submit Article for Approval due at 12:00 Noon.

 

 

 

Class

Topic

Readings

Exams/

Assignments

April 8

 

 

Analyzing Ethical Dilemmas

 

 

 

Justice and the Law

Discussion Reading Chapter 5 “Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Analysis”

 

Reading to Be Assigned

 

Journal Submission 3 Due at 12:00 Noon

 

April 15

Law Enforcement Ethics

Discussion Reading Chapter 6  “Law Enforcement Ethics”

 

“Ethical Orientations of State Police Recruits”

 

Test 1

 

Policy Paper Outline and References Due by 12:00 Noon.

April 22

ON-Line Discussion

Judicial and Legal Ethics

Discussion Reading Chapter 7 “ Judicial Ethics

 

Muraskin, M. “Ethical concerns of a criminal defense attorney” In Morality and The Law, Muraskin, R and Muraskin, M. (Eds). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Printice Hall. 2001. pp. 41 – 49.

 

McDonough, C., McDonugh, D. B. and Keenan, R. G. “The ethical obligations of the criminal prosecutor”.  In Morality and The Law, Muraskin, R and Muraskin, M. (Eds). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Printice Hall. 2001. pp. 50-64.

 

 

Journal Submission 4 Due at 12:00 Noon

 

Article Review Due by 12:00 Noon.

 

 

 

 

Class

Topic

Readings

Exams/

Assignments

April 29

 

Ethical Issues in Corrections

 

Pollock, J. M. Ethics in crime and justice (3rd edition). Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth. 1998. pp. 287-324

 

 

Journal Submission 5 Due at 12:00 Noon

 

 

May 6

Course Conclusion

 

Test 2

 

Final Paper Due by 12:00 Noon

 


 

 

The following are acceptable scholarly academic journals for article reviews and for the issue paper.

 

These journals are available through NAU Cline Library and University of Arizona Library unless indicated by (UA) in which case it is only available through the U of A.

 

Justice System Journals

 

American Journal of Police

British Journal of Criminology

Crime and Delinquency

Crime and Justice

Criminal Justice and Behavior

Criminal Justice Review

International Review of Criminal Policy

Journal of Criminal Justice

Journal of Criminal Justice Ethics

Journal of Criminal Law (UA)

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Journal of Quantitative Criminology

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

Judicature

Justice System Journal (UA)

Justice Quarterly

Juvenile and Family Court Journal (UA)

Law and Contemporary Problems

Law and Human Behavior

Law and Policy

Law and Social Inquiry: Journal of the American Bar Foundation

Law and Society Review

Violence and Victims

Wharton’s Criminal Procedure (UA)

 

Administration, Management, and Organizational Theory Journals

Academy of Management Journal

Administrative Science Quarterly

Harvard Business Review

Industrial Relations

Journal of Human Resources

Journal of Organizational Behavior

Journal of Organizational Behavior Management

Long Range Planning

Management Science

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process (UA)

Organizational Behavior and Human Performance (UA)

Organizational Dynamics

Public Administration and Development (UA)

Public Administration Review

Strategic Management Journal

 

 

The following are not acceptable as scholarly academic journals for purposes of article reviews.

 

Newspapers

News Magazines (Newsweek, Time, People)

Trade Magazines

FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin

Corrections Today

Police Chief

Prisons Today

On the Line

Law and Order

American Jails

 


NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY

POLICY STATEMENTS

 

 

SAFE ENVIRONMENT POLICY

NAU’s Safe Working and Learning Environment Policy seeks to prohibit discrimination and promote the safety of all individuals within the University.  The goal of this policy is to prevent the occurrence of discrimination on the basis of sex, race, color, age, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or veteran status and to prevent sexual harassment, sexual assault, or retaliation by anyone at this university.

 

You may obtain a copy of this policy from the college dean’s office.  If you have concerns about this policy, it is important that you contact the departmental chair, dean’s office, the Office of Student Life (523-5181), the academic ombudsperson (523-9368), or NAU’s Office of Affirmative Action (523-3312).

 

STUDENT WITH DISABLILITIES

 

If you have a learning and /or physical disability, you are encouraged to make arrangements for class assignments/exams so your academic performance will not suffer because of the disability or handicap.  If you have questions about special provisions for students with disabilities, contact the Counseling and Testing Center (523-2261).

 

It is your responsibility to register with the Counseling and Testing Center.  Application for services should be made at least eight weeks before the start of the semester.

 

If the Counseling and Testing Center verifies your eligibility for special services, you should consult with your instructor during the first week in the semester so appropriate arrangements can be made.  Concerns related to noncompliance with appropriate provisions should be directed to the Disability Support Services coordinator in the Counseling and Testing Center.

 

INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

 

Any study involving observation of or interaction with human subjects that originates at NAU - including a course project, report, or research paper – must be reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the protection of human subjects in research and research –related activities.

 

The IRB meets once each month.  Proposals must be submitted for review at least fifteen working days before the monthly meeting.  You should consult with your course instructor early in the course to ascertain if your project needs to be reviewed by the IRB and/ or to secure information or appropriate forms and procedures for the IRB review.  Your instructor and department chair or college dean must sign the application for approval by the IRB.  The IRB categorizes projects into three levels depending on the nature of the project: exempt from further review, expedited review, or full board review.  If the IRB certifies that a project is exempt from further review, you need not resubmit the project for continuing IRB review as long as there are no modifications in the exempted procedures.

 

A copy of the IRB Policy and Procedures Manual is available in each department’s administrative office and each college dean’s office.  If you have questions, contact Carey Conover, Office of Grant and Contract Services, at 523-4889.

 

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY

 

The university takes an extremely serious view of violations of academic integrity.  As members of the academic community, NAU’s Administration, faculty, staff, and students are dedicated to promoting an atmosphere of honesty and are committed to maintaining the academic integrity essential to the educational process.  Inherent in this commitment is the belief that academic dishonesty in all forms violates the basic principles of integrity and impedes learning.

 

It is the responsibility of individual faculty members to identify instances of academic dishonesty and recommend penalties to the department chair or college dean in keeping with the severity of the violation.  Penalties may range from verbal chastisement to a failing grade in the course.  The complete policy on academic integrity is in Appendix F of NAU’s Student Handbook.

 

 

CLASSROOM CIVILITY STATEMENT

 

Membership in the academic community places a special obligation on all members to preserve an atmosphere conducive to the freedom to teach and to learn.  Part of the obligation implies the responsibility of each member of the NAU community to maintain a positive learning environment in which the behavior of any individual does not disrupt the classes of teachers or learners.

 

It is the responsibility of the individual faculty member to determine, maintain, and enforce the standards of behavior acceptable to preserving an atmosphere appropriate for teaching and learning.  Students will be warned if their behavior is evaluated by the faculty member as disruptive.

 

Sanctions may include a range of responses from immediate removal from class to referral to the appropriate academic unit and/or the Office of Student Life to review pertinent alleged university violations of ethical and behavioral standards.  Significant and/or continued violations may result in administrative withdrawal from the class.