BIOLOGICAL

• Broad definition
• Inclusive
• Science
• Math

• Structure of Nature   3 - 4
• Systems of Nature     5 - 8
• Natural Cycles          9 - 17
• Diversity
• Succession              18 - 20
• Biological Magnification
• Natural Selection Adaptation

• Chemical Makeup
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Systems
• Organism
• Populations
• Communities
• Ecosystem
• Biomes
• Biosphere

• Spartial Order
• Temporal
• Biochemical Cycles

Natural Regulation - Biological Systems

Ecology as Science = Mechanistic

Explanation of natural phenomena

• Biotic
  • Animal
  • Plant
• Abiotic
  • Physical
  • Chemical

Ecosystem

                 Biotic Abiotic

Closed system

• Soil : thin layer, site for life
• Water : essential for life
• Air : atmosphere
• Energy : from sun light

Phosphorous       Energy

Nitrogen             Succession

                           Human Ecology

NITROGEN CYCLE (GAS)

Essential proteins genes organic chemicals

ENERGY CYCLE NOT RECYCLED IN NATURE

Law of Thermodynamics:

1. Conservation

    Energy can’t be created or destroyed.

2. Entropy
    Energy is always lost when used for work.

TROPIC LEVELS

Autotroph - Self Feeding - Green plants

• 1. Green Plants
• Producers of food & energy for all levels.
• 2. Heterotroph
  • Animals

More precise than food chain.
Food relationship form a complex net or web
greater diversity is greater stability.

• Primary - Secondary

1. Number of organisms in a population
2. Introduction of new species

3. "Old" species become locally extinct

4 . Habitat conditions also change microclimatic.

Volcanism
lifting
Landslide
Expose new land area Ex: Bare rock succession
Dry
No soil -> No nutrient (mineral available)
No shelter from exposure

1. Moss
2. Ferus
3. Grasses
4. Limital animal species
5. Shrubs
6. Trees
7. Trees

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS - RESPIRATION

• Form sugar - Use sugar
• Metabolism
• Energy (stored): in carbon bonds

Enzymes are Catalyst for sugar use.

• Culture
• Community
• Ecosystem
• Relationships