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Home : BioPhysical Module : PEPSI : Third Year

DEVELOPMENT
THE THIRD STEP

Age 3

P

Gross motor control increases and expensive "wild:" use of the whole body is common.

Many boys are not completely toilet trained--not to worry

Bed wetting is common and may continue through age five or six

Eye-hand coordination makes great gains during this year.

Eating what is in the meal or when a meal is served may be resisted.

Thumb sucking and need to cuddle a blanket are still common needs for many.

Walking, running with hands swinging, stair walking are likely to be accomplished.

Tricycle riding may be a passionate interest.

Postural control is more skillful and "unthought".

Centers of interest may contain the child for many minutes at a time.

E

Autonomy vs. Share

This is an excellent time for expansive activities and giving opportunities for creative play.

Since the child has an expansive sense of self risking if natural.

The child's blossoming nature shows itself in "more" of the extremes in the original personality traits. Examples:

  • high or low energy
  • intense concentration or high distractibility
  • organization is internal or external environment sets the stage for the child.
  • adapts easily the change or is frightened and anxious
  • moves quickly and with agility or is sluggish
  • morning or afternoon person
  • perfectionist or adventurer
  • forward looking or timorous

    Querulous nature is common at about 3 and one half years.

    Sense of self and ability to see self as an entity begins to emerge.

  • P

    Pre-moral stage The child does not actively understand wrong or right, but does recognize what may create friction or anger in caretakers.

    There is still no real ability to intentionally hurt others.

    The child, while expansive, still needs and responds well to routing, structure and consistency.

    The child does not have a ready or logical response to "why did you do that?"

    There is still very little true sense of self, so lying and cheating are rare and not premeditated, or for that matter understood as wrong.

    Adults may perceive the excesses as intention and respond with righteous indignation...but the real three-year old is more compelled than purposive.

    S

    This is the time when socialized play begins.

    Child begins to receive and attend to messages from age mates, not just the adults.

    Friend becomes a word with meaning for the child.

    A social sense of humor emerges...giggles, etc.

    Dad or mom may become a "best" friend with envy obvious if parent kiss or show intimacy

    Social play ability shows an increase, though seeing the others' needs is limited.

    Verbal refusal usually replaces aggressive "no's".

    Boy play tends to be more aggressive than girl play.

    Introversion or extroversion may already dictate the number of children a child wishes to include in play.

     I

    An enriched learning arena assists the child to make progress in moving from sensory to more concrete use of the mind.

    Vocabulary increases rapidly - spoken and receptive.

    Words describing the past, now and future become diverse, with a more active use of time as a concept.

    Direction words are common - up, on, under, around, and generally apropos.

    Eye-hand coordination improves markedly and adaptive maneuvers become common.

    Much more ease with visual tasks

    Small object play increases

    Learning and working are seen as exciting.

    Physical
    Development
    Emotional
    Development
    Philosophical
    Development
    Social
    Development
    Intellectual
    Development

    Once you have completed this topic you should:

    Go on to 4th year
    or
    Go back to PEPSI

     

    E-mail J'Anne Ellsworth at Janne.Ellsworth@nau.edu

    Course Created by J'Anne Ellsworth & Center for Technology Enhanced Learning

    Copyright © 2001 Northern Arizona University
    ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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