College of Social and Behavioral Sciences,
Department of Anthropology
Anthropology 438
Gender and Healing in South Asia:
India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan
Fall 2000
3-5:30 p.m. Monday, 3 credit hours
Instructor:
James M. Wilce, Ph.D.Office hours: Anthropology (Bldg. 60) Rm. 211: T/R 9-10 a.m., R 1-2 p.m. or by appt.
Phone: 523-2729 or 523-7118.
Course prerequisites: Upper division.
Course description: This course explores South Asiafocusing on gender and the practices and understandings of health and healingthrough ethnographies and original research articles. Putting the focus in its broader ethnographic context, readings begin with the unique nature of social organization in India and with cultural construction of the self or person in relation to the group. Throughout, the readings reflect the evolution from "holistic" or "totalizing" visions in the anthropology of the region toward person-centered, fragmented, particularistic, and conflict-centered treatments. The assigned ethnographies present accounts of women and men in family life; text and performance in healing; symbolic representations of gender in Hindu and Muslim texts and practices; and local meanings of loss, grief, and healing. Texts, articles, and films will provide students the tools with which to grapple with these issues. The course is co-convened with ANT 628, and differs from it in the work required (reading, weekly papers, and final paper).
Course approach: Students will be expected to complete the readings before coming to class and participate in the seminar discussion, taking some leadership of the discussion for at least one class session. See the guidelines on the last page of the syllabus. On some occasions the professor will give mini-lectures summarizing some arguments made outside the assigned readings.
Course objectives: Through responsible participation in and leading of weekly discussions and through their writing, students will show an ability to communicate intelligently about the following topics: a) how the experience of being a "person" (personhood) does and/or does not vary cross-culturally, b) how religion, social structure, personhood, and family life are related, and c) in what ways early experience in families shapes cultural patterns of behavior and personality.
Required texts:
Desjarlais, Robert R. 1992. Body and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Illness and Healing in the Nepal Himalayas. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. (BE)
Kurtz, Stanley N. 1992. All the mothers are one: Hindu India and the cultural reshaping of psychoanalysis. NY: Columbia University Press. (AM)
Lamb, Sarah 2000. White saris and sweet mangoes : aging, gender, and body in North India. Berkeley : University of California Press. (Lamb)
Maskarinec, Gregory C. 1995. The rulings of the night: An ethnography of Nepalese shaman oral texts. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. (RN)
Nanda, Serena. 1990. Neither man nor woman: The Hijras of India. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. (NM)
Raheja, Gloria Goodwin and Ann Grodzins Gold. 1994. Listen to the Herons Words: Reimagining Gender and Kinship in North India. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. (LH)
Wilce, James. 1998. Eloquence in Trouble. New York: Oxford University Press. (ET). Available for purchase at authors cost ($40, Im sorry!), behind desk at Anthro Dept. Also on hard reserve at Cline.
Other required readings will be placed on webreserve (see Cline Librarys homepage) according to the schedule/outline found below in this syllabus. About 70 pages of reading are assigned in the articles and books each week (vs. 150 in ANT 628). Learn to read for main arguments more than detail, and compare authors arguments against each other in your own critical synthesis.
Recommended texts:
Kakar, Sudhir. 1996. The Colors of Violence: Cultural Identities, Religion, and Conflict. Chicago and London: University of Chicago. (CV)
Trawick, Margaret. 1990. Notes on Love in a Tamil Family. Berkeley: University of California. (NOL)
Requirements:
1) Students will write reflections on the readings every three weeks, approximately 3 pages in length, integrating and critically evaluating the perspectives they offer. These papers will be due at the beginning of class on announced dates. On days when no paper is due there will be a brief quiz on the readings.
2) Students will be familiar with all readings assigned for the class meeting and will participate in seminar-discussion of those readings. In addition, each student will be especially familiar with part of the weeks assigned reading (a chapter, article, etc.) and take particular responsibility to lead discussion on that part.
3) Students will present a final paper (13-15 pp.) which integrates the readings and takes a strong position in response to one of the following:
a) Write a critical review of one of the texts, drawing on the other readings as well as their own theorizing and any South Asian field experiences they have had. This paper will require rigorous comparison of the relative merits of all of the approaches taken by the texts and critiques.
b) Discuss an anthropological topic worked out in advance with the professor (e.g. kinship, folklore, resistance, mother-child relationship, concepts of personhood) from one of the several theoretical perspective (e.g. psychoanalytic, postmodern/poststructural, sociolinguistic, phenomenological, "resistance") presented in the readings. Argue for the effectiveness or appropriateness of that theoretical approach in explaining or handling the data. Use all the texts.
Grading system (same point breakdown as in ANT628, with the addition of quizzes; fewer requirements for earning the same number of total points)
Grades will be assigned for participation and writing on the following basis:
1) Participation 25 points
a) General participation (15)
b) Leading discussion (10)
2) Papers & quizzes 25 points
3) Final Paper 50 points
a) Presentation (10)
b) Paper (40)
Totals of 90 points and above will constitute As, 80-89 Bs, 70-79 Cs, and 60-69 Ds. Grades below 60 are Fs.
Course policies
1) Attendance is required; the seminar format requires it. If you anticipate being away, please notify me in advance for the sake of the smooth functioning of the seminar.
2) Plagiarism has no place in a university. It is not hard for an instructor to detect which words are a students and which have been copied, even if the source is not one of our class readings. Points will be taken off for copying material written by others without citing the source properly. For example, I might mention "natural selection in favor of high intelligence" in a paper, in which case I must cite the author, the date of publication, and the page number of the quotation (Hickerson 1980: 17). Even if you paraphrase, you should give credit in precisely the same way if your idea comes directly from a given page of writing, and simply leave off the page number if your statement is indebted to anothers writing in a more general way. This will be crucial in your final papers, but get in the habit by citing your sources (page numbers and all) in the biweekly papers, too.
3) Students with difficulties in writing may be referred to the writing center for tutorial assistance. If it is recommended, this tutorial assistance should be understood as required.
SCHEDULE OF READINGS AND DISCUSSION topics
Part one: Holistic perspectives
Wk. 1 Society in India
In-class reading and discussion on
Mandelbaum, David G. 1970. Society in India, Vol. 1: chs. 2-3 (pp. 13-56). Berkeley: University of California.
Wk. 2: A Macro View of India and its Social Groups
Pandian, Jacob. 1995. "The semiotics of India and Indian identity," in The making of India and Indian traditions , pp. 23-36. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. IN BOX
Dumont, Louis. 1970. Homo hierarchicus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1-21. ON RESERVE
Shweder, Richard A., and Edmund J. Bourne. 1984. Does the concept of the person vary cross-culturally? In Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion. Richard A. Shweder and Robert A. LeVine, eds., pp. 158-199. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ON RESERVE
13+20+41=74pages
Wk. 3 Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Persons and Boundaries
Kurtz, All the mothers are one , pp. 1-53
53
Wk 4 Perspectives on Gender in India
Film in class-- The World of Apu (Apu Samsar) by Satyajit Ray
Lamb, pages to be assigned
Hall, Kira
50+30=80
Wk 5 Storied Lives: Nepali Women Speak
Desjarlais, Robert. 2000. Echoes of a Yolmo Buddhist's Life, in Death. Cultural Anthropology 15(2): 260-293.
McHugh, Ernestine L. 1989. Concepts of the person among the Gurungs of Nepal. American Ethnologist 16/1: 75-86. WEBRESERVE
Wk 6 Strategies of Self, Autonomy, and Gender
ET, 26-103
Optional:
Ewing, Katherine P. 1991. Can psychoanalytic theories explain the Pakistani woman? Intrapsychic autonomy and interpersonal engagement in the extended family. Ethos 19/2: 131-60. WEBRESERVE
*Marriott, McKim. 1976a. Hindu transactions: Diversity without dualism. In Transaction and meaning: Directions in the anthropology of exchange and symbolic behavior. Bruce Kapferer, ed., pp. 109-142. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues. WEBRESERVE
*Seymour, Susan. 1983. Household structure and status and expressions of affect in India. Ethos 11/4: 263- 77. WEBRESERVE
77
Wk 7 Nepali Shamanism: Gender and Healing in Text and Performance
BE 159-244
85
Wk 8 Gender, Sex, Violence, Resistance, and Communal Identity
Das, Veena. 1996 Language and the Body: Transactions in the Construction of Pain. Daedalus 125/1: 67-91. WEBRESERVE
Sharma, Akhil. 1995. "If You Sing Like That for Me" A Short Story. Atlantic Monthly 275/5: 70-88. WEBRESERVE
Recommended: Colors of Violence, pages to be announced
26+11+18=55
Wk 9 Suffering, Transcendence and the Constitutive Role of Speech and Weeping
Devi, Mahasweta. 1990. The Funeral Wailer. In Women, Outcastes, Peasants, and Rebels: A Selection of Bengali Short Stories. Kalpana Bardhan, ed. and tr. Pp. 206-228. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California. WEBRESERVE
Grima, Benedict. 1991. The role of suffering in womens performances of Paxto. In Gender, genre, and power in South Asian expressive traditions, A. Appadurai, F. Korom, and M. Mills (eds). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, pp. 81-101. WEBRESERVE
Trawick, Margaret. 1988. Spirits and voices in Tamil songs. American Ethnologist 15: 193- 215. WEBRESERVE
22+20+22=66
Wk. 10 Socioplex Bodies & Resistant Talk
LH, pp. 30-72
NM, Selections to be announced
42+x
Wks. 11 Power and Gender in South Asian Encounters
Week 11LH, pp. 73-148
Week 12
ET, 134-199; 200-223
Week 13
Cohen, Lawrence
ET, 224-242
Week 14 Postmodern and postcolonial approaches to S Asian identities
Adams, Vincanne
1997 Dreams of a Final Sherpa. American Anthropologist 99(1):85-98. WEBRESERVE
NOL, 53-116
Wk. 15 Student presentations
Wk. 16 Papers due December 11.
Guidelines for weekly written and oral presentations
on assigned readings
Reading Responses
At the beginning of class on announced weeks, a typed paper of about three pages is due. That paper will be your way of integrating and responding to the readings assigned for three weeks of class. The aim of these papers is to encourage synthetic, integrative, critical reflection on the readings (and to ensure that everyone has done the readings in a thoughtful way to prepare to participate in discussion). Your papers should touch on the main contribution of each reading and should point out the strengths and weaknesses of the authors argument. As the semester progresses, you should compare the arguments of different authors across the weeks. Papers should be cumulative in that sense. I am looking for evidence that you have integrated, compared and contrasted perspectives. Papers longer than 4 pages are NOT acceptable. Be concise.
For a particular weeks paper, specific instructions may be given to supplement this general guide. Because the writing assignments may change on one weeks notice, an absence can throw you off seriously. If you must miss class, contact someone about the next weeks assignment.
Leading discussions
1. Each class session will consist of a group discussion based on a collection of readings. You are required to attend each class having read the assigned readings and being ready to discuss them. You will find it helpful to take notes on the readings and bring them with you to class.
2. You will be responsible for co-facilitating some of the class discussions. Each required reading will be assigned to at least one student who will be expected to lead the discussion on it. Do not read your notes. Speak from an outline instead. In preparing for the discussions you will facilitate, try not to spend too much time summarizing the readings, but do so in enough detail to orient the group. In addition, you should formulate a series of questions and comments to stimulate discussion using the following guidelines:
What is the reading about? (should take up about half of your present)
What are the broader issues that it seeks to address?
What underlying assumptions-- theoretical or otherwise-- does the author make?
What are the strengths of the argument?
What are its weaknesses or limitations? What considerations has the author failed to take into account?
What have you learned? What more would you now like to know on the topic?
To what related material-- in this class, other classes, your own lives-- does the material relate? Does it help you more clearly understand dynamics or patterns that exist in this society or any others?
Look for common or contrasting threads that run through each weeks readings. Consider the questions that they seek to address as a unit.
Students not leading the discussions that particular week should try to keep these same questions in mind. Remember, the quality of any seminar depends mostly on how well participants prepare prior to coming to class. This involves not only reading the assigned materials but also thinking critically about the issues that they raise.
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