PRM 447 Research & Evaluation in PRM - Test 2 - Chapters 5-7

Charles Hammersley, Ph.D.

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  1. If you were planning a research study that included a survey for a population of 8,873, what would your sample size be, with a sampling error of +/- 5%.
  2. Your answer:
    989
    383
    385
    381


  3. The socio-scientific and psychological approach to human behavior assumes that behavior is controled by:
  4. Your answer:
    marketing
    opinion
    attitude
    beliefs


  5. All of the following are scales used to quantify human opinions, attitudes and beliefs EXCEPT:
  6. Your answer:
    Thurstone
    Likert
    Osgood
    Freud


  7. The two primary purposes for planning and conducting research in park, recreation and leisure services are: Increasing our understanding of why people chose and how they benefit from park, recreation and leisure services; and
  8. Your answer:
    increasing awareness of the profession
    meeting public demands
    determining resource impacts
    To improve the decisions that professional park and recreation managers have to make


  9. What is the best way of finding out what needs to be known, is the fundamental question associated with:
  10. Your answer:
    opinion research
    substantive emphasis
    context reserach
    basic methodological research


  11. According to your text, estimating the attitudes of a populaiton based on the responses from a small group, is the definition of:
  12. Your answer:
    opinion studies
    applied research
    value studies
    basic research


  13. A study to determine the reason for a decline in adult softball participation in a specific city league, would be what type of research?
  14. Your answer:
    population
    applied
    opinion
    basic


  15. According to your text, the primary goal of evaluation research is to:
  16. Your answer:
    measure the effectiveness of specific interventions in public programs.
    create new leisure service theories
    identify problems in existing services.
    provide information to the public in general.


  17. The two areas of applied research that have the most impact on leisure-related research are:
  18. Your answer:
    attitude and needs assessment
    evaluation and opinion
    basic and applied
    evaluation and needs assessment


  19. What is the most popular weekly activity reported in the Master Plan?
  20. Links to reference material:
    Town of Parker Master Plan

    Your answer:
    picnicking
    hiking
    swimming, river
    swimming, pool


  21. A survey that collects information from the people using a particular facility is called a:
  22. Your answer:
    recreation survey
    leisure survey
    opinion survey
    user survey


  23. A large group of people who share the same attitudes, opinions and beliefs, is the defintion for:
  24. Your answer:
    centralizing tendencies
    midcentric tendencies
    opinion tendencies
    decentralizing tendencies


  25. If your agency was preparing a community survey and your ethnic profile was African American 2%; American Indian 23%; Asian 1.5%; Caucasian 68%. And your sample was representative of all groups EXCEPT you increased the sample size of the American Indian group. This would be an example of what type of sampling methodology? Other 174 6.0
  26. Your answer:
    under-sampling
    sub-groups sampling
    margin of error
    over-sampling


  27. The process of estimating is dependent on all of the following factors EXCEPT:
  28. Your answer:
    survey design
    obtaining a high response rate
    appropriate sampling
    defintion of the goals of the study


  29. All of the following are components of survey research EXCEPT:
  30. Your answer:
    description of objectives
    definition of the population
    project budget
    data collection


  31. The most important factor in most community-level surveys of recreation and leisure issues is:
  32. Your answer:
    individual participation profile
    geographic definition of the population
    demographic characteristics of the population
    agency resources and time frame


  33. The purpose of experiment research is:
  34. Your answer:
    attempts to obtain accurate information on community opinions
    attempts to obtain accurate information on community behaviors
    attempts to prove a hypothesis
    attempts to obtain accurate information on community attitudes


  35. An instrument used to collect data, is the definition for:
  36. Your answer:
    scale
    survey
    questionnaire
    sample


  37. The goal for a survey response is always:
  38. Your answer:
    75%
    100%
    25%
    35%


  39. Using the information in the Ethnic Groups census. What would be the correct representative sample size for the Asian group?
  40. Links to reference material:
    Town of Parker Master Plan

    Your answer:
    59%
    all
    16%
    19%


  41. All of the following are primary modes of data entry EXCEPT:
  42. Your answer:
    answers directy coded into a computer
    entering responses from paper to a computer file
    use a bubble sheet
    digital data entry


  43. Establishing a "causal relationship" is the purpose of:
  44. Your answer:
    survey
    questionnaire
    experiment
    sampling


  45. A subset of a population chosen in such a way that all individuals of the specified population have equal probability of being selected, is the defintion for:
  46. Your answer:
    population
    evaluation
    randomization
    probability


  47. In order to design a study of city residents' opinions of city recreation facilities, which ONE of the following would be considered the "population":
  48. Your answer:
    individuals who shop at local grocery stores
    residents living outside the city limits
    individuals who use city recreation facilities
    residents living inside the city limits


  49. From the information above, which ONE of the following would provide the LEAST accurate sources list of the population?
  50. Your answer:
    hospital records
    phone book
    voter registration
    zip codes


  51. All of the following are commom problems associated with population lists EXCEPT:
  52. Your answer:
    ineligible members in the list
    omissions from the list
    representativeness of the list
    duplicates in the list


  53. Sampling error calculates:
  54. Your answer:
    representativeness
    degree of criteria
    poplulation fit
    degree of confidence


  55. A sample may be nonrandom due to all of the following EXCEPT:
  56. Your answer:
    problems with the study design
    problems with the selection procedure
    problems with the sampling frame
    problems with the population list


  57. The __________ the sampling error, the closer the sample estimates come to the true population valures.
  58. Your answer:
    more reflective
    higher
    more exact
    lower


  59. What was the "population" for this study?
  60. Links to reference material:
    Dead River Boating Survey

    Your answer:
    all users
    tourists
    kayakers
    commercial guides


  61. A sample based on the assumption that every member of a population has the same probability of being selected. And the probability is the ratio of the sample size and the population size (sample size / population = random sample ratio), is an example of a:
  62. Your answer:
    simple random sample
    systematic random sample
    interval random sample
    stratification


  63. The two broad categories of data collection are:
  64. Your answer:
    interview and survey
    survey and focus groups
    self-response and survey
    interview and self-response


  65. Key areas for attitude and opinion surveys include all of the following EXCEPT:
  66. Your answer:
    demographics
    objectives
    existing level of interest and participation
    future needs


  67. According to Goldman and McDonald, focus groups use in questionnaire construction include all of the following EXCEPT:
  68. Your answer:
    identification of terms and phrases
    development of answer categories
    selection of a set of rating dimensions
    development of questionnaire design


  69. The kind of focus group that is made up of staff and board members of the recreation agencies that are being studied, are called:
  70. Your answer:
    gatekeepers
    special interest groups
    randomly selected group members
    agency representatives


  71. The question, " What are the most important park and recreation needs for our community," is an example of what type of format:
  72. Your answer:
    multiple choice
    closed-ended
    open-ended
    closed-ended with "other" options


  73. What type of response scale does the Leisure Motivation Questionnaire (LMQ) use?
  74. Your answer:
    closed-ended
    forced choice
    precoded
    Likert


  75. According to your text, a questionnaire should not be longer than___ pages or take more than ____ minutes to complete.
  76. Your answer:
    10 & 20
    15 & 10
    5 & 15
    8 & 20


  77. The most common problem for novice questionnaire writers is:
  78. Your answer:
    questions ask about two or more issues
    questions do not have a time reference
    questions assume too much knowledge
    objectionable questions


  79. All of the following are questions from section D - Background in the Dead River Whitewater Boating Survey EXCEPT:
  80. Your answer:
    number of people in household
    gender
    ethnicity
    education level


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