A population is comprised of the individuals of a species within an area.
They interact with one another to varying degrees, especially by breeding
to produce the offspring of future generations.
When grouped as a population, individuals exhibit collective properties,
i.e., a life history which has resulted from natural selection, age
structure, patterns of survivorship, density, and a distribution in space.
As the individuals of a population interact with each other and their
environment, the separate events of birth and death contribute to
population growth rates of fecundity and mortality allowing predictions
of future population density. When environmental pressures change, these
rates may be altered, leading to population explosions or extinctions.
In this section, we will examine the characteristics of populations,
looking at how their life histories are adaptive, how populations can
be described, and how to predict the future trends of a population.