1. poison glands in some
2. pigmentation in some
3. no scales

1. lungs or
2. gills or
3. cutaneous (some salamanders)

• three -chambered heart
  1. two atria
  2. ventricle
  3. double circulation

• nucleated RBCs
• ectothermic
• excretory system
  (kidneys)

• nervous system
  (brain pg. 534 for more)

• reproductive
  (dioecious)

• fert int/ext depending on group

• oxygen content of air vs. water

• density of air vs water

• temp regulation

• habitat diversity

The three living amphibian orders comprise more than 3900 species.

Herp Hot Links

Order Gymnophiona (fig. 28-5)

The order gymnophiona contains approximately 160 species of elongate, limbless, burrowing creatures commonly called caecilians.

Class Lissamphibia
1. caecillians

   There is a graduate student in in our Biology Department who studies caecillians. For more information contact Dr. Kiisa C. Nishikawa at 520-523-9497.

2. burrowing
3. tropical forests
4. no limbs
5. adults blind

The order Caudata consists of about 360 species of tailed amphibians.

Newt and Salamander Homepage

1. salamanders/newts
2. tetrapods
3. reproduction
   (spermatophore)

4. development
   1. direct
   2. indirect
   3. paedomorphosis

5. respiratory system
   (highly varied between lungs, gills, and skin)

The more than 3400 species of frogs and toads that make up the order Anura which for most people are the most familiar amphibians.

Amphian faculty: Dr. Kiisa Nishikawa conducts research on the feeding habits and other interesting topics with various frog species. Contact her at 520-523-9497 if you are interested in her research.
Dr. Catherine Propper conducts reseach on amphibians and their hormones. Her office number is 520-523-1374.

1. frogs/toads
   Whole Frog Project
2. most abundant order
3. habitats/distributions
4. LC (fig. 28-26)
   Amphibian Developmental Anatomy
5. reproduction
   (amplexus)

6. skin
   1. thin, moist attached loosely to body
   2. coloration
   3. glands
      (some secretions extremely toxic)

7. vocalization
   
   Frog Calls
   1. vocal cords (males & females)
   2. digestive system
      1. carnivores
      2. protrusible tongue
      3. keep in mind that tadpoles are herbivores
      4. sensory
         1. no lateral line
         2. hearing abilities
         3. vision (fig. 28-24)

Explore this site for more frog information
FROGLOG

Once you have completed the lesson, you should go to Assignment 28-1.

E-mail Sylvester Allred at Syl.Allred@nau.edu

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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED