BIO190: The Class: Architectural Patterns: Lesson 10

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Zoologists recognize 32 multicellular phyla, each phylum characterized by a distinctive body plan and biological properties that set it apart from all other phyla.

There are five grades of organization among the different unicellular and metazon groups. Each grade is more complex than the one before, and builds on it in a hierarchical manner.

1. protoplasmic
2. cellular
3. cell-tissue
4. tissue-organ
5. organ-system

Explore this web site for information on tissue types.

A tissue is a group of similar cells specialized for the performance of a common function. This study of tissues is called histology. There are four basic tissue types.

• epithelial tissue-covering external or internal surface.

• connective tissue (fig. 10-6)

1. loose connective
2. dense connective
3. cartilage
4. bone
5. blood

• muscular tissue (fig. 10-7)

1. skeletal
2. cardiac
3. smooth

• nervous tissue (fig. 10-8)

Symmetry (fig. 10-10)

Symmetry applies to the arrangement of body parts with reference to some axis of the body. The following are types of animal symmetry.

1. spherical symmetry
2. radial symmetry
3. biradial symmetry
4. bilaterial symmetry
5. asymmetrical

Terms of animal architectural patterns (fig. 10-11)

• anterior
• posterior
• dorsal
• ventral
• medial
• lateral
• pectoral
• pelvic
• frontal plane
• sagittal plane
• transverse plan
• coelom (fig. 10-13)
• cephalization
• metamerism (fig. 10-14)

Body Cavities (fig. 10-12)

Bilateral animals can be grouped according to their body cavity type.

• acoelomate bilateria

• pseudocoelomate bilateria

• eucoelomate bilateria

Formation by two methods (fig. 10-13)

• schizolcoelus
• enterocoelous

Once you have completed the lesson, you should go to Assignment 10-1.

E-mail Sylvester Allred at Syl.Allred@nau.edu

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