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BIO190: The Class: Classification: Lesson 11

Classification and Phylogeny of Animals

Zoologists have named more than 1-1/2 million species. Each year more are discovered.

To learn more about phylogeny explore this web site: The Phylogeny of Life

Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the formal system for naming and classifying species. Taxonomy is part of the broader science of systematics.

Visit this web site for more information: Biosystematics and Life Resources

Systematics

Systematics is the science of classification and reconstruction of phylogeny.

Visit this web site for more information: Systematics: The Study of Phylogeny and Classification

History

  1. Aristotle
  2. J. Ray
  3. Linnaeus

Hierarchical system (tab. 11-1)

    1. Kingdom
    2. Phylum
    3. Class
    4. Order
    5. Family
    6. Genus
    7. Species

Open the site below for more information on species.

Species 2000

Binomial nomenclature

Biodiversity and Biological Collections Webserver

Terms necessary for understanding taxonomy and systematics
  1. ancestral
  2. derived

Sources of phylogenetic information

Theories of Taxonomy

A theory of taxonomy establishes the principles that we use to recognize and to rank taxonomic groups. There are two currently popular theories of taxonomy.

1. Traditional evolutionary taxonomy
  1. common descent
  2. among of adaptive change shown form phylogenetic tree
2. Phylogenetic
  1. monophyly
  2. paprphyly
  3. polyphyly

Species

Biologists have designated criteria for identification of species.

  1. common descent
  2. smallest distinct grouping
  3. reproductive community

Typological (morphological) species concept

  1. type species

Biological species concept

  1. interbreeding population
  2. alternatives to biological species concept
    1. evolutionary species concept
    2. phylogenetic species concept

Cosmopolitan

Endemic

Divisions of Life (fig. 11-11)

In 1969 R.H. Whittaker proposed a five-kingdom system that incorporated the basic prokaryote-eukaryote distinction.

  1. Monera
  2. Fungi
  3. Protista
  4. Plantae
  5. Animalia

Woese, Kandler, and Wheelis recognized three monophyletic domains above the kingdom level.

  1. Eucarya
  2. Bacteria
  3. Archaea

Once you have completed the lesson, you should go to Assignment 11-1.

E-mail Sylvester Allred at Syl.Allred@nau.edu

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