1. Use figure 31-1 to trace the mammals through geologic time. Note the three different lineages. What was the stem group? These lineages utilize three strategies for embryo development. Briefly (two sentences each) describe how these strategies are different and how they are similar. 5 points.

2. What do you think is the adaptive value of heterodont teeth? Give your reason in one sentence. 1 point.

3. Do ruminants really have four stomachs? "Yes" or "no" is not the complete answer. Discuss your choice in a paragraph. 1 point.

4. List three ways that mammalian diets are a function of an animal's teeth. Give examples to support your responses. 3 points.

5. Why does any vertebrate migrate? Consider the whole picture in your answer, not just resource availability. 1 point.

6. What other vertebrates migrate besides birds and mammals? Give examples. 1 point.

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