PROPERTIES OF HYPERSENSITIVITIES
 
 
 
Type  Names Examples  Reaction Time  Antibodies
Involved
Action
Type I Anaphylactic
Allergy
Insect stings, hay fever, asthma, food allergy, immediate hypers Immediate, within 20 minutes  IgE IgE antibodies link mast cells and allergen
Type II Cytotoxic  Transfusion reaction, RH disease of the newborn, Graves' disease Variable IgG, IgM IgG and IgM mark normal human cells as targets for immune destruction
Type III Immune-complex Systemic lupus erythemathosus, rheumatoid arthritis, serum sickness Variable IgG Antigen-antibody complexes are distributed throughout the body
Type IV Cell mediated
Delayed hypers.
Organ transplantation rejection, poison ivy/oak, clothing and jewelry allergies, granulomatous reaction 12 hours to several weeks None Lymphokines and macrophages interact, causing inflammation

 

     Type                           Damage caused by
                                       antibody action
Type I Mast cells and basophils release chemicals (histamine) during degranulation
Type II Complement and phagocytosis
Type III Complement and neutrophils  stimulated by antigen-antibody complexes
Type IV T cells activated