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PHI332 : The Class : Essays : Practice : Exercise3.4.1

Exercise 3.4.1

Skim through "Four Models" by Emanuel and Emanuel, pp. 67-76. When you skim, you read the introduction, section headings, the first sentences of all paragraphs, and the conclusion. As you skim, you are trying to find out what the thesis is, and you ask yourself about each section, "Is this background information? Is it argument against the thesis? Is it showing the errors of targets? Is it positive argument for the thesis?

It is easy to identify the title and introduction (the first three paragraphs, pp. 67-68) as well as the conclusion ("Conclusion," p. 76). The body consists of the remaining sections, which I have numbered:

  1. The Paternalistic Model [of physician-patient interaction]
  2. The Informative Model
  3. The Interpretive Model
  4. The Deliberative Model
  5. A Clinical Case
  6. The Current Debate and the Four Models
  7. Shared Decision Making
  8. Objections to the Paternalistic Model
  9. Objections to the Informative Model
  10. Objections to the Interpretive Model
  11. Objections to the Deliberative Model
  12. The Preferred Model and the Practical Implications

Sections 1-6 are SECTIONS GIVING BACKGROUND INFORMATION SUFFICIENT TO UNDERSTAND THE ISSUE. Sections 7-10 are EVALUATING THE TARGETS AND SHOWING THEIR ERRORS-that is, they raise problems for other positions. Section 11 raises ARGUMENTS THAT ARE OPPOSED TO THE THESIS. Section 12 is GIVING POSITIVE ARGUMENTS FOR THE THESIS. Thus we can fit this essay into the standard form as follows:

INTRODUCTION first three paragraphs, pp. 67-68

BODY

  1. SECTIONS GIVING BACKGROUND INFORMATION SUFFICIENT TO UNDERSTAND THE ISSUE = SECTIONS 1-6
  2. SECTIONS GIVING A REVIEW OF PREVIOUS OPINIONS ON THE SUBJECT, ESPECIALLY ARGUMENTS THAT ARE OPPOSED TO THE THESIS = SECTION 11
  3. SECTIONS EVALUATING THE TARGET ARGUMENTS AND SHOWING THEIR ERRORS = Sections 7-10
  4. SECTIONS GIVING POSITIVE ARGUMENTS FOR THE THESIS = SECTION 12.
CONCLUSION p. 76

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Check your work.

Once you have completed this excercise you should:

Go on to Exercise3-4-2
or
Go back to Practice

E-mail George Rudebusch at George.Rudebusch@nau.edu
or call (520) 523-7091

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