P |
Small muscle control advances and draws the child's energy and enthusiasm
Touching, exploring, feeling the other kinesthetic activities become exciting with love
for coloring, drawing, marbles, jacks, doing puzzles, making model giving great pleasure
General health improves with fewer to surface with many children of this age
Interest in the body and in the sexual nature of a person appears to wane somewhat though
interest in pregnancy may surface
Physical sphincter control is generally complete - in fact this is an age of deepening
control - self, body, emotions
Tires easily and may need rest
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E |
Industry vs. Inferiority
Inferiority is a great concern for this age child and small setbacks
may create a sense of work paralysis
"Bad days" are accompanied by not hearing directions, having to be brought back to reality,
to tasks at hand, and forgotten and lost work or getting off track
Life seems to be sung in a minor key
Fear is often pervasive with increases in night terrors, sleep walking and talking, fears
of monster talk
Many exhibit almost a neurotic set of behaviors--increases in sucking fingers, chewing nails,
hair, clothes, self stimulation, nervous tics and habits
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P |
Internal sense of right or wrong is developing
Holds single absolute idea of appropriate behavior
Believes rules must remain unchanged, immutable
Determines guilt by amount of damage done
Moral wrongness comes from doing the forbidden
Believes in obedience to rules as a requirement to those in authority - not questionable,
but avoidable through not getting caught
Feels peer aggression and transgression is especially grievance and will tattle to assume
self validity and because of the belief that rules are "sacred"
Intention is unimportant, while getting caught or not getting caught becomes paramount
Self justification is common
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S |
Referents: Fathers may be more highly valued and quoted as authorities
Teachers continue to be valued if the child is able to succeed at school
Best friends become vital for many children
Withdrawing is common in this age span
Moodiness and melancholy are common attendants
Extra time is often filled with ruminating and the solitary pursuits - reading,
TV, daydreaming
Frequently complaints about others and unfairness as well as tattling
are normal
Request for assistance are usually honored and taken seriously,
done willingly
Bickering and teasing may increase if child feels a sense of insecurity or crisis
When upset the child often comes to others to fight the battle or square things
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I |
Concrete operational thinking emerges: the child begins to understand causality and continuity
in time objects, numbers, etc.
There is more than verbal agreement with inanimate objects no being alive, that the sun
does not move itself, that clouds do not make the decision to rain
Child may truly wish to do good work for an internal sense of value, responsibility
There may be an emergent understanding of reversibility in conversation of
matter, liquid, etc.
The intellect may be in the ascendancy and with it an new sense
of prowess in really understanding a notion or concept, even initiating
a personal explanation
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