1. Which is a problem that critics have identified with the federal definition of learning disabilities?

A the problem is assumed to be organic (i.e., part of the child)
B learning disabilities are not equally well recognized in all age ranges
C the role of the environment is overly emphasized
D the identification of learning disabilities by this definition leads to a restrictive set of interventions

2. A specific learning disability that effects mathematical abilities may be called

A dysarythmia
B acalculia
C dysgraphia
D dyscalculia

3. The continuing trend of increases in learning disabilities is attributed to all of the following except..

A the vagueness of the federal definition
B social acceptance and a preference for this classification as opposed to other conditions (e.g., mental retardation)
C using the term "severe" in an attempt to eliminate erroneous identification of slow learners or low achieving students
D differing criteria used by states for determining eligibility for services

4. If you had a school district with a population of 1,000 students being served in special education, which of the following numbers might best approximated the expected number of children with this condition based on national averages?

A 109
B 247
C 535
D 701

5. Your book briefly discusses Michenbaum's self- instructional procedures where the student performs a task while silently instructing him- or herself. Which of the following steps would you expect to see in this procedure (check all that apply)?

A having the child construct a model of how to perform the task (cognitive modeling)
B speaking aloud as the child performs the task
C whispering part of the instruction aloud
D thinking (internally talking to self) through each step of the process

6. In class we discussed the fact that boys are more likely to be identified as having a learning disability than girls would be. We discussed a study that was conducted where the researcher randomly tested the reading abilities of 2nd and 3rd grade students. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of that study?

A boys are 2 to 3 times more likely to be identified as having a learning disability
B no gender differences were found
C girls were identified in only 7% of the sample; boys were identified in 22%
D the researchers found no gender differences but when the school staff assessed the students, boys were more likely to be identified

7. Most children with a learning disability are identified in

A grades 2-6
B kindergarten
C grades 4-5
D 1st grade

8. Which of the following is not a common myth about learning disabilities?

A children with learning disabilities outgrow their problems
B learning disabilities are easily diagnosed because there are so many children in this category
C learning disabilities have a genetic component
D learning disabilities are caused by poor parenting practices

9. Which of the following may be true of the academic performance of children with ADHD?

A children with ADHD often show pronounced deficits in intellectual functioning
B as many as 30% of the children with ADHD have been retained at least once in their educational career
C academic failure is striking in children with ADHD
D more than half of the children with ADHD will drop out of school

1o. ADHD is associated with which of the following disabilities, conditions, or problems (check all that apply)?

A learning disabilities
B oppositional defiant disorder
C generalized anxiety disorder
D substance abuse

11. According to the most current statistics, most children with ADHD would be classified as...

A inattentive type
B hyperactive type
C impulsive type
D combined type

12. To diagnose a child as having ADHD, the child must (check all that apply)..

A demonstrate the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity in more than one setting
B demonstrate the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity in school or work
C demonstrate the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity for a period of more than 3 months
D demonstrate the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity for a period of more than 6 months

13. Psychoeducational theorists believe that

A behavior is primarily a function of the environment
B behavior is biochemically based
C disturbed behavior can be traced to underlying psychological causes
D behavior can best be changed by systematic application of reinforcers

14. Biophysical causes of behavior disorders include
all of the following except

A significantly elevated levels of Type B blood platelet
B genetic differences
C diet and nutrition
D neurotransmitter imbalances

15. According to a behavioral theory of behavior disorders..

A problem behaviors are a function of the environment
B behavior begins with the individual
C behavior is a function of education
D behavior is unalterable

16. According to the book and online lessons, which of the following are variables that effect our judgments of emotional and behavioral disorders (check all that apply)?

A the standards of the culture
B the socioeconomic class of the child
C the frequency or duration of the problem behaviors
D the age of the person displaying the behaviors

17. The higher incidence of behavior disorders in boys than girls may be due to all of the following except

A genetics
B the use of clinical samples to develop definitions of the problem
C environmental factors
D poor nutrition

18. Which of the following parenting styles are most indicative of later behavior or emotional disorders?

A authoritarian, authoritative, and neglectful
B neglectful, indulgent, and authoritarian
C authoritative, authoritarian, and indulgent
D indulgent, neglectful, and authoritative

19. Which of the following is not a symptom of depression?

A irritability
B feelings of worry or fear
C loss of appetite
D complaints of headaches or illnesses

20. Studies of the co-occurrence of conduct disorders with other conditions show that .. (check all that apply)

A ADHD appears to precede a conduct disorder
B many student with conduct disorders also demonstrate obsessive compulsive disorders
C anxiety disorders show a high correlation with conduct disorders
D conduct disorders appear to precede a depressive condition

21. Persons with schizophrenia may show all of the following signs or symptoms except..

A delusions
B echolalia
C disorganized speech or motor actions
D a "flat" affect

22. Studies of conduct disorders and aggression indicate that (check all that apply)..

A aggression can be a learned behavior
B children with conduct disorders sometimes perceive hostile intent where there is none
C children who repeatedly experience aggression personally are less likely to engage in conduct problems

23. Asthma consists of all of the following responses except.

A over inflation of the alveoli
B spasm of the bronchi
C irritation and inflammation of the bronchial tubes

24. ______________is a type of brief seizure where the person may stare blankly or show a vacant look.

A grand mal / tonic-clonic seizure
B absence / petit mal
C simple complex
D generalized complex

25. Which of the following actions should you not do when confronted with a child who is having a seizure?

A cushion the child's head
B loosen their clothing
C constrain their limbs to prevent further injury
D turn the child on their side

26. One of the problems with educational testing procedures is that they lack the precision to provide valid and necessary data about whether a student's learning disabilities has a neurological processing deficit.

True
False

27. One reason of the reasons why so many children with learning disabilities have problems with spelling is the inconsistency of the English language.

True
False

28. Research seems to indicate that children with learning disabilities will generally plateau in mathematics abilities sometime in late elementary school.

True
False

29. Learning disabilities are a school-aged disability. They do not persist into adulthood.

True
False

30. Research seems to show that children with early social difficulties are often later identified as having learning disabilities.

True
False

31. Studies of twins where one twin has ADHD show that the incidence of the second twin having ADHD is higher among fraternal twins.

True
False

32. Recent research shows that there is not a discernible difference in the IQ scores between males and females with ADHD, but as the children reach adolescence, females report having more problems (e.g., having fewer assets, more problems with attention, and increased rates of anxiety and depression).

True
False

33. Research indicates that many problem behaviors are the result of mismanaged instruction and inappropriate teaching behaviors.

True
False

34. Students with behavior disorders proceed through the same stages of cognitive development as other children.

True
False

35. Most cases of oppositional defiant disorder result in later conduct disorders.

True
False

36. Early onset conduct disorders are indicative of more serious and persistent antisocial behavior.

True
False

37. Boys show more phobias than girls.

True
False

38. Diabetes develops slowly.

True
False

39. With a traumatic brain injury, it is the primary injury that causes the majority of the tissue damage.

True
False

40. Children with a heart defect often fatigue easily.

True
False

41. List 3 signs of dyslexia (reading disabilities) (3 points)

42. From your readings and online lessons, list at least 2 problems a child with a learning disability may face in each of the following subject areas: reading, written language, and mathematics. (6 points)

43. List the three main symptoms a child must show to be diagnosed as ADHD. (3 points)

44. List one specific sign or symptom for each of the general characteristics of children with ADHD you identified in question number 43(i.e., describe how the general characteristic may be observed by the teacher) (3 points)

45. Distinguish between Type I and Type II behavior disorders. (1 point)

46. List and briefly describe (one sentence each) two risk factors for emotional and behavioral disorders and two resiliency factors that may prevent the child from developing these problems. (4 points)

47. List and briefly describe 3 typical characteristics of a child with an orthopedic or health impairment. (3 points)

48. Review the characteristics that we have discussed for the mild mental retardation, emotional and behavioral disorders, learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and orthopedic or health impairments. In the space provided below, discuss the characteristics that are similar across each of these disabilities. (12 points)

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