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Chapter 2- Models Of Teaching
And Learning: Where Do They
Come From and How Are They
Used?
Models of Teaching
Monday, September 24, 2001
Gary E. Karcz
Teaching models were created to increase student
learning, and help teachers become better
professionals. Teaching models can be grouped
into four, general categories or ‘families.’ These
families are the social, information-processing,
personal, and behavioral systems. Coordinating
curricula objectives with these models requires
carefully studying each family, and then
determining which model is most effective in
promoting a certain kind of learning. Each family
is discussed below.
The Social
Family
Social family models leverage the synergy
of cooperative learning communities to
improve self-esteem, social skills, and
academic learning. These models include
Group Investigation, which has a
community of students define problems,
explore perspectives of these problems,
master information, ideas and skills
through group processes, while they
develop their social competence. Role
Playing encourages students to understand
social behavior, their role in social
interactions, others’ feelings, effective
ways of problem solving, and how to
improve their social skills. Jurisprudential
Inquiry targets community, state, national,
and international social issues by involving
students with case studies where public
policy needs to be created.
The
Information-Processing Family
The Information-Processing family models
offer methods that augment a person’s
intrinsic desire to understand their world
by data acquisition and organization,
defining problems and generating solutions
for them, and by creating the concepts and
language used to express those problems
and solutions. The Inductive Thinking
model shows students how to discover and
order data, and then to fashion and test
proposed hypothetical relationships among
those data sets. Scientific Inquiry engages
students in the scientific process by
guiding them through data collection and
analysis, the testing of hypotheses and
theories, and a reflection on knowledge
construction. Mnemonics imparts
strategies for information memorization
and assimilation. Synectics stimulates
creative thinking in problem-solving and
writing activities, helping to develop new
perspectives on topics. Advanced
Organizers provides students with a
cognitive structure for assimilating
information from lectures, readings, and
other media.
The
Personal Family
The Personal family models start from an
individual’s perspective, where human
reality ultimately resides, and recognizes
that a consensus of understanding results
from negotiations within a community.
Nondirective Teaching uses the student-
teacher partnership to developing a
student’s self-understanding and
independence by providing feedback on a
student’s progress and assisting with their
problem-solving techniques. Enhancing
Self-Esteem targets the development of a
student’s personal image as a foundation
for social and academic achievement.
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