Norbert Francis
(Montreal, 1952)

B.A. (1975) City Universi of New Yonf

 

(about 50 years later, emerging from temascal in San Miguel Canoa)

 

B.A. (1975) City University of New York
Departments: Psychology and Education

M.S. (1989) University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Department: Curriculum and Instruction

Doctorado (1994) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Pedagogía
Dissertation: Oralidad, escritura y la educación bilingüe: la adquisición de la lectoescritura en la escuela primaria indígena

 

Selected recent research reports on language learning, literacy,and bilingualism

Francis, N. (1999). Biligualism, writing and metalinguistic awareness: oral-literate interactions between first and second languages. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20 (4), 533-562.

Francis, N. (2000). The shared conceptual system and language processing in bilingual children: findings from literacy assessment in Spanish and Náhuatl. Applied Linguistics, 21 (2), 170-204.

Francis, N. (2000). Rincones de Lectura comes to San Isidro: new contexts for biliteracy and language maintenance. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 13, 31-50.

Francis, N. (2000). An examination of written expression in bilingual students' "non-academic" language: assessment of sense of story structure and interlinguistic transfer. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10, 187-220. 

Francis, N. & Navarrete Gómez, P.R. (2000). La narrativa como sitio de intercambio entre el náhuatl y el español: Un análisis de la alternancia lingüística, Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl, 31, 359-392.

Francis, N. & Nieto Andrade, R. (2000). Mexico: the challenge of literacy and multilingualism, International theme issue on Global Literacy, Childhood Education, 76, 374-380.

Francis, N. (2002). Literacy, second language learning, and the development of metalinguistic awareness: a study of bilingual children’s perceptions of focus on form. Linguistics and Education, 13, 373-404.

Francis, N. (2002). Modular perspectives on bilingualism, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 5, 141-161.

Francis, N. (2002). Models of bilingual proficiency for a pluralistic language policy in Latin America. Communication and Cognition, 35, 101-122.

Francis, N. (2003). Schooling and bilingualism in Latin America: Perspectives for bridging the language-literacy divide. In P. Ryan & R. Terborg (Eds.), Language: Issues of Inequality (pp.77-94). México DF: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Francis, N. & Navarrete Gómez, P. R. (2003). Language interaction in Náhuatl discourse: the influence of Spanish in child and adult narratives. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 16, 1-17.

Francis, N. (2004). Nonlinear processing as a comprehension strategy: A proposed typology for the study of bilingual children's self-corrections of oral reading miscues. Language Awareness, 13, 17-33.

Francis, N. (2004). The components of bilingual proficiency. International Journal of Bilingualism, 8, 167-189.

Francis, N. (2004). Estrategias de autocorrección en la lectura y la escritura. Lectura y Vida, 25, 26-35.

Francis, N. & Paciotto, C. (2004). Bilingüismo y diglosia en la Sierra Tarahumara: Fundamentos de la evaluación del lenguaje. Pueblos Indígenas y Educación, 55, 57-82.

Francis, N. (2005). Research findings on early first language attrition: Implications for the discussion on critical periods in language acquisition. Language Learning, 55, 491-531.

Francis, N. (2005). Democratic language policy for multilingual educational systems: An interdisciplinary approach. Language Problems and Language Planning, 19, 211-230.

Francis, N. (2005). Bilingual children's writing: Self-correction and revision of written narratives in Spanish and Nahuatl. Linguistics and Education, 16, 74-92.

Francis, N. (2006). The development of secondary discourse ability and metalinguistic awareness in second language learners. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 16, 37-60.

Francis, N. (2006). Indigenous languages and the study of bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9, 521-534.

Hamel, R.E. & Francis, N. (2006). The teaching of Spanish as a second language in an indigenous bilingual intercultural curriculum. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19, 171-188.

Francis, N. (2007). A proposal for research on self-correction: Opportunities for studying the role of negative evidence in second language writing. Tamkang Studies of Foreign Languages and Literatures, 10, 43-60.

Francis, N. (2008). Modularity in bilingualism as an opportunity for cross-discipline discussion. In J. Cummins & H. Hornberger (Eds.), Bilingual Education, Volume 5, Encyclopedia of Language and Education (pp. 105-116). New York: Springer.

On literature, art and music

Francis, N. (2001). Géneros orales y estilos de narrativa: El desarrollo de la competencia discursiva. Estudios de Lingüística Aplicada, 33, 71-92.

Francis, N. (2006). La ruta de Alejo Carpentier: Teoría de los orígenes de la música y los géneros estéticos. Tamkang Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 28, 122-160.

Francis, N. (2007). Review of Tosa Motokiyu, Also, with my throat, I shall swallow ten thousand swords: Araki Yasusada's letters in English. Jacket Magazine, 33.

Francis, N. (2008). Verbal art and linguistic science: A second approximation. California Linguistic Notes, V. 33, N. 2.

Francis, N. (forthcoming). Introducción. En P. R. Navarrete Gómez (comp.) Cuentos náhuatl de la Malintzin (pp. 2-24). San Miguel Canoa: Seminario de Estudios Modernos y de Cultura Acal-lan.

 

Conference proceedings

Heredia, A. & Francis, N. (1998). Coyote as reading teacher: oral tradition on the classroom, in Reyhner, J. (Ed.) Teaching indigenous languages. Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University, 46-55.

Francis, N. (1998) Textualidad y transferencia, Memorias del IV Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste. Hermosillo: Departamento de Letras y Lingüística, Universidad de Sonora, 431-450.

Francis, N. (2001). Complejidad sintáctica - ¿competencia lingüística o competencia discursiva?: análisis de narrativas infantiles orales y escritas. Memorias del V Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste. Hermosillo: Departamento de Letras y Lingüística, Universidad de Sonora.

Francis, N. (2002). Antecedentes del enfoque modular y perspectivas para la investigación sobre el bilingüismo y el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas. Memorias del VI Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste. Hermosillo: Departamento de Letras y Lingüística, Universidad de Sonora, 145-170.

Francis, N. (2004). Cross-linguistic influence, transfer, and other kinds of language interaction: evidence for modularity from the study of bilingualism. In Cohen, J. McAlister, K., Rolstad, K. & MacSwan, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Bilingualism (pp. 775-786). Somerville MA: Cascadilla Press.

Francis, N. (2007). Corrective feedback in L2 assessment: Negative evidence and interactive practice. In Leung, Y.-N. (Ed.), Selected Papers from the Sixteenth International Symposium on English Teaching (pp. 376-386). Taipei: English Teachers' Association.

Book reviews

(2002). Review of Kendal King, Language revitalization processes and prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes. Language in Society, 31, 650-653.

(2005). Review of James Tollefson (ed.), Language policies in education: Critical issues. Language in Society, 34, 297-299.

(2007). Review of Michel Paradis, A neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. Language in Society, 36, 105-108.

(2007). Review of Carol Myers-Scotton, Multiple voices: An introduction to bilingualism. Applied Linguistics, 28, 155-158.

(2007). Review of Ana Celia Zentella, Building on strength: Language and literacy in Latino families and communities. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10, 533-535.

(2007). Review of Mary Schleppegrell, The language of schooling: A functional linguistics perspective. Language in Society, 36, 757-760.

Curriculum materials

Francis, N. (1992). Entrevista bilingüe para la escuela indígena preescolar y primaria. Mexico City: Dirección General de Educación Indígena, Secretaría de Educación Pública.

Francis, N. & Navarrete Gómez, P. R. (1999). Narrativa de la tradición oral náhuatl. Tlaxcala: Colegio de Historia de Tlaxcala y el Gobierno del Estado de Tlaxcala.

Navarrete Gómez, P. R. & Francis, N. (1999). In tlapuiltin tlen otechcahuato to cocolhuan (a series of ten videotaped  presentations, with accompanying reading comprehension activities, based on the oral tradition of the Náhuatl-speaking peoples of Tlaxcala). Tlaxcala: Colegio de Historia de Tlaxcala y el Gobierno del Estado de Tlaxcala.

 

Books & monographs

Francis, N. (1997). Malintzin: Bilingüismo y Alfabetización en la Sierra de Tlaxcala,  Tomo I & Tomo II. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala.

Francis, N. & Reyhner, J. (2002). Language and Literacy Teaching for Indian Education: A Bilingual Approach. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

 

 

Academic presentations

Francis, N. (1992). Bilingüismo y alfabetización: nuevos enfoques sobre la evaluación de la lectoescritura (primeros avances de una investigación con alumnos de habla hñähñú), Segundo Congreso Nacional de Lenguaje y Educación Superior, March 5, 1992, Xalapa, Mexico.

Francis, N. (1993). Diglosia y escritura en la Malintzi: la evaluación del bilingüismo náhuatl-español en San Isidro Buensuceso, 13th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, July 31, 1993, Mexico City.

Francis, N. (1995). Language revitalization and writing: studying American Indian children's biliterate development, Arizona Educational Research Organization Conference, November 16, 1995, Sedona.

Francis, N. (1996). Language attitudes and metalinguistic awareness: children's perspectives on Náhuatl and Spanish. World Indigenous Peoples Conference: Education, June 17, 1996, Albuquerque.

Francis, N. (1996). Indices de textualidad en la redacción de jóvenes escritores bilingües: transferencias entre el náhautl y el español. IV Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste, November 21, 1996, Hermosillo, Sonora.

Francis, N. (1997). Tlacuatl uan coyotl: analysis of oral narrative from the Tlaxcalan highlands. Fourth Annual Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium, May 2, 1997, Flagstaff, Arizona.

Francis, N. (1997). Second language literacy and language awareness: cultural perspectives on bilingualism and writing. 1997 Arizona TESOL Conference, Language and Culture, the World Wide Web, April 25, 1997, Yuma.

Nieto, R. & Francis, N. (1998). Narrativa tradicional y desarrollo de la expresión escrita en alumnos de la comunidad chichimeca-jonaz, Segundo Coloquio de Otopames,  January 27, 1998, Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City.

Francis, N. (1998). Discursos secundarios en la oralidad y la escritura: narración tradicional, alfabetización y aprovechamiento escolar, Encuentro Internacional de Lenguas Indígenas e Interculturalidad, May 22, 1998, Creel, Chihuahua.

Francis, N. (1998). Complejidad sintáctica ¿competencia lingüística o competencia discursiva? análisis de narrativas infantiles orales y escritos, V Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste, November 20, 1998, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora.

Francis, N. (1998). Incorporating oral narrative in second language teaching. 15th Rocky Mountain Regional TESOL Conference, October 16, 1998, Tucson.

Francis, N. (1999). Second language learners' self-correction strategies: focus on form in literacy learning. 16th Annual Conference of the Arizona Educational Research Organization, September 17, 1999. Flagstaff.

Francis, N. (1999). Problems of bilingual assessment in the teaching of indigenous languages, 6th Annual Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Conference, June 4, 1999, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Francis, N. & Navarrete Gómez, R. P. (2000). Codeswitching and borrowing as evidence of language erosion or bilingual proficiency: comparing interlinguistic transfer patterns in story telling by children and adults. Seventh Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Conference, May 13, 2000, Toronto.

Francis, N. (2000). Antecedentes del enfoque modular y perspectivas para la investigación sobre el bilinguismo y el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas. VI Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste, December 1, 2000, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora.

Francis, N. (2001). Designing and producing classroom materials for literacy development in two languages. Eighth Annual Stabilizing Indigenous Languages Symposium, June 15, 2001, Northern Arizona University. 

Blum Martínez, R.; Francis, N.; Hamel, E. & Meyer, L. (2001). Crossing borders: Bilingual education in indigenous communities in Mexico and the United States. 30th Annual International Bilingual/Multicultural Education Conference, NABE 2001. February 22, 2001, Phoenix Arizona.

Francis, N. (2002). El desarrollo de las habilidades académicas en al escuela primaria: un enfoque sobre la reflexividad en el procesamiento de textos. Primer Congreso Internacional y Cuarto Nacional sobre Lengua Escrita y Textos Académicos. May 3, 2002, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora.

Francis, N. (2003). Cross-linguistic influence, transfer, and other kinds of language interaction: evidence for modularity from the study of bilingualism. Fourth International Symposium on Bilingualism. May 2, 2003, Arizona State University, Tempe.

Francis, N. (2003). Géneros orales bilingües: recursos para la construcción de narrativas en español y en náhuatl. The International Colloquium for Vernacular, Hispanic, American and Folklore Studies. October 9, 2003, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla.

Francis, N. (2004). Indigenous language immersion: How to design and implement a successful program (workshop), Content-based language instruction for indigenous languages: a report from Mexico (paper) presented at Pathways to Bilingualism: Evolving Perspectives on Immersion Education. October 21-23, 2004, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 

Francis, N. (2005). Language attrition and rapid language shift: How an aspect of subtractive child bilingual development is related to a sociolinguistic phenomenon. Conference on Endangered Languages and Cultures of Native America. April 8, 2005, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

Francis, N. (2005). A parameter setting approach to explaining first language attrition. Third International Conference on Formal Linguistics and The Second Yuelu Language Acquisition Workshop. September 23, 2005, Hunan University, Changsha. 

Francis, N. (2006). External and internal factors in explaining language erosion: Transmission of imperfect learning or Replacement Language development? Second Conference on Endangered Languages and Cultures of Native America. April 1, 2006, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

Francis, N. (2006). El uso de la información textual y contextual en estrategias de autocorrección en la lectura y la escritura. International Reading Association 51st Annual Convention, May 3, 2006. Chicago.

Francis, N. (2006). Self-correction strategies in second language writing: Metalinguistic awareness as a central component of academic language proficiency. Tamkang International Conference on Second Language Writing. December 2, 2006, Tamkang University. Taipei.

Invited presentations

(1994). Bialfabetismo y el desarrollo de la lengua materna en la educación indígena hoy. Four part lecture series given at the Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, March-July 1994, Mexico City.

(1994). Métodos cualitativos en la evaluación de la lectoescritura en la educación indígena bilingüe. Inservice workshop given at the Consejo Nacional de Fomento Educativo (CONAFE), April 20, 1994, Mexico City.

(1997). La educación bilingüe en Tlaxcala: la alfabetización en náhuatl y español. Invited presentation given to the Patronato Estatal de Promotores Voluntarios de Tlaxcala, August 1, 1997, Tlaxcala, Mexico.

(1999). La migración como fenómeno social y su impacto sobre la pedagogía. Presentation given to the IV Encuentro Binacional de Educación, April 10, 1999, San Luis and Flagstaff, Arizona.

(1999). Educación indígena y procesos pedagógicos: enseñanza de la lectoescritura en contextos bilingües (Seminar-workshop), & Educación bilingüe como perspectiva para una mejor calidad educativa (Conference presentation), given at the Universidad Pedagógica Nacional - Uruapan, December 4, 1999, Uruapan, Michoacán.

(1999). Problems of assessment and integrating second language teaching in the bilingual curriculum. Five day workshop and consultation with bilingual teachers of the San Isidro Bilingual Primary School, and members of the field staff of the project: Comunidad Indígena y Educación Intercultural Bilingüe, Departamento de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, November 28 - December 5, 1999, San Isidro, Municipio Los Reyes, Michoacán.

(2004). Classroom-based evaluation of reading comprehension and written expression in Spanish and Purépecha. Five day workshop and consultation with bilingual teachers of the San Isidro Bilingual Primary School, and members of the field staff of the project: Comunidad Indígena y Educación Intercultural Bilingüe - Fase 2, Departamento de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, February 14 - February 21, 2004, San Isidro, Municipio Los Reyes, Michoacán.

(2006). Language and literacy assessment of bilingual children: How linguistic theory can help us avoid the misinterpretation of test results. Lecture Series on Language Testing, Sponsored by Department of English, National Taiwan Normal University, November 28, 2006, Taipei.

Teaching

Milwaukee Public Schools: 1977 - 1981, 1984 - 1990
Reading and Special education teacher (five years)
Spanish Immersion teacher (three years)

Northern Arizona University:
1995 - present
Current position: Professor of Bilingual/Multicultural Education
Courses in: Bilingual education, Second language learning and teaching, Language assessment, Second language literacy, Spanish

For more information write to:
norbert.francis@nau.edu

Address:
Norbert Francis
College of Education
P.O. Box 5774
Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA

Current projects:
Documentation of traditional narrative (Puebla & Tlaxcala)
Language, literature, and music
Recent archaeological research (Tula)